Impact of Using Health Information Systems (HIS) among HealthcareProfessionals during Pandemic COVID-19

The emergence of updated and accurate big health data through information systems becomes crucial for fast decision and strategizing planning in fighting the pandemic war. A qualitative survey was conducted among healthcare professionals using the Hospital Information System during the pandemic to explore the insight of HIS experience among users and identify scope and categories available for further detailed study. Specifically, this study explores the current practice of HIS, observing the policies and guidelines and to identify the challenges and its limitations. Six areas have been identified;system implementation, policy and guidelines, challenges, system advantages and disadvantages, and system characteristics.

Explainable COVID-19 Three Classes Severity Classification Using Chest X-Ray Images

COVID-19 has been raging for almost three years ever since its first outbreak. It is without a doubt that it is a common human goal to end the pandemic and how it was before it started. Many efforts have been made to work toward this goal. In computer vision, works have been done to aid medical professionals into faster and more effective procedures when dealing with the disease. For example, disease diagnosis and severity prediction using chest imaging. At the same time, vision transformer is introduced and quickly stormed its way into one of the best deep learning models ever developed due to its ability to achieve good performance while being resources friendly. In this study, we investigated the performance of ViT on COVID19 severity classification using an open-source CXR images dataset. We applied different augmentation and transformation techniques to the dataset to see ViT's ability to learn the features of the different severity levels of the disease. It is concluded that training ViT using the horizontally flipped images added to the original dataset gives the best overall accuracy of 0.862. To achieve explainability, we have also applied Grad-CAM to the best performing model to make sure it is looking at relevant region of the CXR image upon predicting the class label. © 2022 IEEE.

ANTINOMY: FULFILLMENT OF THE RIGHT TO WORK AND THE RIGHT TO HAVE A GOOD AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The spread of Covid-19 can occur through transmission from human to human through droplets, which is why one of the most important preventive measures to be implemented is to carry out restrictions. However, these restrictions have had a devastating impact on the state's economic system. Even so, if restrictions aren't carried out and implemented, the number of people infected by Covid-19 will continuously increase and threaten humankind. The research method used is a normative juridical legal research method, using the statute and conceptual approaches. Primary and secondary legal materials are collected and inventoried, then processed and studied in depth to obtain a complete picture of the legal issues under study. The results show that there are various laws and regulations aimed at the health sector for the prevention or control of Covid-19, and various laws and regulations in the economic recovery sector have also been issued during the Covid-19 pandemic. The government has fulfilled the guarantee of these rights from various regulations that have been formed. This can also be reflected in the institutions formed in Indonesia that specifically focus on Covid-19-related problems contained in the regulations regarding the formation of the Covid-19 Task Force for Handling Covid-19, as well as the National Economic Recovery and Transformation Task Force. The conclusions that can be drawn in this study are guarantees and fulfillment of the right to work and the right to a good and healthy living environment, not an antinomy during the Covid-19 pandemic. The government has tried to fulfill the guarantee for these rights which can be seen from the various laws and regulations issued during the Covid-19 period, both from the health and economic aspects. © 2022, Supporting Academic Initiatives Foundation. All rights reserved.

Adequacy of Public Information for Meaningful E-Participation in Policy-Making: Human Rights-Based

Within the first two years of COVID-19's exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among other things, social mobility control, resulting in other limitations on fundamental rights, such as freedom of movement and peaceful assembly. Within the rights restrictions, the desire of citizens to satisfy their desire for information and exercise their right to free expression was insatiable. The authors argue that citizens deserve access to sufficient information in order for them to have a meaningful right to participate. At the same time, electronic means can be an additional feature to channel public participation in policy-making. Regrettably, the primary platform adopted in Human Rights laws in operationalizing the right to participate in public affairs remains minimal to coexist meaningful e-participation embarked on the adequacy of the right to information based on Human Rights (HR) standards. This study aims to answer how a justification for meaningful e-participation in lawmaking can be defined. It also queries which framework can provide sufficient public information based on a rights-based approach. The study leverages the convention of civil and political rights (ICCPR) as the primary legal instrument for a qualitative doctrinal approach. The study suggests that adequate information should be in one package with e-participation to optimize the enjoyment of the right to participate in policy-making. © University of Jember & Indonesian Consortium for Human Rights Lecturers.

The Effects of Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus in Decreasing Stress and Protecting Folliculogenesis Marker on Woman Reproductive Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Stress during Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the physiological and immunological response to women's reproductive health. Meanwhile, Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus are immunomodulators related to women's reproductive health. This investigation had a goal to examine the effectiveness of A. graveolens and E. globulus towards the expression of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) as the primary biomarker of stress, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) as a pro-inflammatory protein, along with Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) as folliculogenesis markers. An experimental randomized controlled trial was utilized by using a pre-test and post-test control group design. Sixty women, who had stress based on DASS-21 questionnaire, were divided into two groups in Nusukan Health Center, Indonesia. The intervention group was orally administered with 300 mg A. graveolens capsules and E. globulus essential oil for 14 days, while the control group was given a placebo. Blood samples and stress levels were then evaluated before and after the intervention. No significant difference was found in the stress levels of the control and treatment groups at the pre-test. Meanwhile, the intervention group had the decreased HSP70, TNF-alpha, and stress levels (p<0.001). In contrast, increased LH and GDF-9 levels were displayed in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). These findings revealed that A. graveolens supplementation and E. globulus essential oil have the ability to decrease stress and are able to protect folliculogenesis markers on women's reproductive health due to stressful conditions during pandemic COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 by Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (IJP).

The Effects of Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus in Decreasing Stress and Protecting Folliculogenesis Marker on Woman Reproductive Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Stress during COVID-19 pandemic affects the physiological and immunological response to women's reproductive health. Meanwhile, A. graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus are immunomodulators related to women's reproductive health. This investigation had a goal to examine the effectiveness of A. graveolens and E. globulus towards the expression of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) as the primary biomarker of stress, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) as a pro-inflammatory protein, along with Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) as folliculogenesis markers. An experimental randomized controlled trial was utilized by using a pre-test and post-test control group design. Sixty women, who had stress based on DASS-21 questionnaire, were divided into two groups in Nusukan Health Center, Indonesia. The intervention group was orally administered with 300 mg A. graveolens capsules and E. globulus essential oil for 14 days, while the control group was given a placebo. Blood samples and stress levels were then evaluated before and after the intervention. No significant difference was found in the stress levels of the control and treatment groups at the pre-test. Meanwhile, the intervention group had the decreased HSP70, TNF-alpha, and stress levels (p < 0.001). In contrast, increased LH and GDF-9 levels were displayed in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). These findings revealed that A. graveolens supplementation and E. globulus essential oil have the ability to decrease stress and are able to protect folliculogenesis markers on women's reproductive health due to stressful conditions during pandemic COVID-19.

Opportunity to Change the Role of Academic Libraries during a Pandemic: The Concept

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the entire human race's routine and put a temporary halt to global interactions. This epidemic has also had a negative influence on academic libraries. This is one of the most serious consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for academic libraries, particularly at Malaysia's Institute of Teacher Training. It also, predictably, gives libraries the potential to shift their traditional role in offering services by utilizing the most up-to-date technologies. The purpose of this study was to show how academic libraries use social media platforms to deliver library services, highlighting the importance of strong and structured collaboration to reach customers during this epidemic. At the same time to increase users in the virtual world, promote library services and activities in a more engaging way. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Challenges in Influencing User Behavior in Accessing E-Content Materials

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a fresh shift in the global population today, requiring people to adjust their typical routines and lifestyles. In the last five years, electronic books (e-books) have become a popular reading and reference alternative, particularly for fiction (Jandri, P., et al). (2020). In the academic realm, however, e-books have not had the same level of success in terms of use and acceptability. It will take further research to determine why this is happening among academic users. Because the usage of e-books is new, it has an impact on library services. Because it is new, there is a need to improve library service quality. There are challenges in influencing user behavior in accessing e-content materials. The methodology and procedures used describe the different types of research paradigms and justify the reasons for using each in this study. Therefore, this paper discusses the influence of challenges in influencing user behavior in accessing e-content materials in terms of services in digital libraries in selected universities using questionnaires as a research tool to collect data through Survey Monkey application and Google forms. Structural Equation Model (SEM) - SmartPLS will be used in this study. The quantitative approach is used to measure factors influencing user behavior in accessing and using e-content among trainee students in Teachers' Training Institutes in Malaysia. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Covid-19 Stimulus: Risk Mitigation in Banking Credit Restructuring

In order to sustain a slowdown in the economic rate due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The government issued a national economic stimulus policy to keep national economic stability under control. One of these policies is the provision of relief in fulfilling debtor obligations to the bank as creditors in the credit restructuring scheme. This paper aims to determine how risk mitigation on credit restructuring in statutory regulations and to find out legal protection for banks from an increase in the number of non-performing loans. This paper was a legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach in the form of legal principles and legal concepts related to the object of the problem. The results show that risk mitigation efforts carried out by banks must be based on the principles of credit granting policies, accommodated risk management based on the Basel System and establish standard operating procedures specifically for credit restructuring during the pandemic as well. Classifying the criteria for debtors, credit schemes and business sustainability. And also to prevent the increase in the number of nonperforming loans (NPLs), credit clustering is carried out to reduce asset quality. In order to provide legal protection for banks, it is necessary to regulate the guidelines for implementing relaxation regarding credit with collectability of Non-Performing Loan (NPL). The banking sector also anticipates through the agreement to settle credit problems in order to facilitate the sale of assets in the future. © 2022 Bangladesh Institute of Legal Development. All Rights Reserved.

The Evaluation of Adverse Effects of Sinovac (R) COVID-19 Vaccine After Receiving the First Dose - Maros Health Center, December 2021

One of the Indonesian government's efforts to reduce COVID-19 disease is holding vaccinations for all people in Indonesia. The effect of administering the first dose of Sinovac (R) COVID-19 Vaccine occurs after injection, as a result of deep penetration and different needle directions, as well as Unexpected Events (KTD), which are generally mild and temporary. This research aimed to determine attitudes, perceptions, and the effects of the first Sinovac (R) vaccine. The research used an observational study by taking a sample of 130 people who met the inclusion criteria through the purposive sampling technique. The study showed that the most common adverse effects of local injections were itching and pain, as much as 54%, followed by fatigue (tiredness) at 46%, muscle pain at 41%, and a small proportion of joint pain, nausea, and changes in body temperature. Patients who experience symptoms both locally at the injection site and other mild side effects are more likely to be female by up to 60%. General symptoms of negative effects in local injection with ages 18-40 years (54.4%) and 41-50 years (54.9%). The common symptom effects are in the form of fatigue, joint pain, muscle pain, and nausea, with a vulnerable age of 41-50 years (56.9%) predominating. Patients with general symptom effects in the form of fatigue, joint pain, muscle aches, and nausea, with an age range of 41-50 years (56.9%), predominated. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the most effective Sinovac (R) vaccine caused bad effects by local injection. This can be solved by giving an antipathy to reduce the symptoms of the bad effects of local injection that can occur.

The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Health Crisis Managed or a Panic Response with Disastrous Future Consequences?

In 1 year, COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide affecting all societies and most age-groups. It has taken not only a toll of human lives (approaching 220 million people infected with 4.55 million reported deaths at time of writing) but also decimated every economy as countries struggle to control infection rates by introducing draconian lockdown and social distancing measures, bringing great suffering well beyond medical effects of the disease. A parallel pandemic has resulted in a deluge of information emanating from both scientific as well as international news media including social media platforms. Fact and fiction, reality, and perception have become entangled;the only realistic solution, both medically as well as politically, is concerted global vaccination (which is currently underway) to reduce further infection by introducing universal immunity. However, public controversy rages due to widespread apprehension regarding necessity, immediate risks, and long-term safety of what is perceived as “fast-tracked” medication. While some concerns may be justified, much is due to misconception and misunderstanding. This review highlights some of the issues concerning the handling of the COVID-19 crisis by governments worldwide, the medical and scientific communities, and the media and how this may have laid the foundations for a far greater medical, social, and economic burden in the coming years. We present comparative data to challenge current conceptions of this disease in the more general context of human health to provide a perspective that seems to have been lost in the general panic. We need more rational approaches to the handling of a disease which is unlikely to disappear from our spectrum of afflictions even after the magnifying glass has been removed.

Post-cardiac surgery outcomes following COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated patients.

The provision of cardiac surgery services nationwide has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We noticed a high COVID-19 mortality rate in unvaccinated patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 after recent cardiac surgery. All the patients were tested negative for COVID-19 before surgery. We conducted a review of our hospital data and reported our findings. We identified 15 patients and reported 7 deaths (46.7%). All the patients died from COVID-19 or its complications. We recommend that cardiac centres actively promote vaccination before cardiac surgery and also enhance infection control measures to prevent nosocomial infections.

Preliminary Study on Patch Sizes in Vision Transformers (ViT) for COVID-19 and Diseased Lungs Classification

COVID-19 and lung diseases have been the major focus of research currently due to the pandemic's reach and effect. Deep Learning (DL) is playing a large role today in various fields from disease classification to drug response identification. The conventional DL method used for images is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A potential method that will replace the usage of CNNs is Transformer specifically Vision Transformers (ViT). This study is a preliminary exploration to determine the performance of using ViT on diseased lungs, COVID-19 infected lungs, and normal lungs. This study was performed on two datasets. The first dataset was a publicly accessible dataset from Iran that has a large cohort of patients. The second dataset was a Malaysian dataset. These images were utilized to verify the usage of ViT and its effectiveness. Images were segregated into several sized patches (16x16, 32x32, 64x64, 128x128, 256x256) pixels. To determine the performance of ViT method, performance metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and F1-score. From the results of this study, ViT is a promising method with a peak accuracy of 95.36%. © 2021 IEEE.

Future of mathematical modelling: a review of COVID - 19 infected cases using S - I - R model

The spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in chaos around the globe. The infected cases are still increasing, with many countries still showing a trend of growing daily cases. To forecast the trend of active cases, a mathematical model, namely the SIR model was used, to visualize the spread of COVID-19. For this article, the forecast of the spread of the virus in Malaysia has been made, assuming that all Malaysian will eventually be susceptible. With no vaccine and antiviral drug currently developed, the visualization of how the peak of infection (namely flattening the curve) can be reduced to minimize the effect of COVID-19 disease. For Malaysians, let's ensure to follow the rules and obey the SOP to lower the R0 value from time to time, hoping that the virus will vanish one day.

Overcoming of covid-19 transmission: The fulfillment of right to health and education

The spread and transmission of the virus is very fast and widespread has become a concern of all people in the world to prevent the transmission and overcoming of COVID-19. This paper aims to analyze the legal aspects in overcoming COVID-19 transmission through the application of learning from home, both for schools and colleges. The research is a normative-legal research with statute, case and conceptual approaches. The results show that the attention of the government is more focused on economic and health issues and does not provide a balanced portion of education. Implementation of schooling or lectures from home is currently only regulated in a Ministerial Circular so that it is only a suggestion. Therefore, in order to be able to realize the protection and fulfillment of the right to education during Covid-19 pandemic, the government should issue legislation that becomes a reference for education providers and for the community so that their right to education is still granted under any circumstances. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

Spatio-temporal analysis of surface water quality in mokopane area, limpopo, South Africa

Considering the well-documented impacts of land-use change on water resources and the rapid land-use conversions occurring throughout Africa, in this study, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of surface water quality and its relation with the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern in Mokopane, Limpopo province of South Africa. Various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for surface water samples collected from five sampling locations from 2016 to 2020. Time-series analysis of key surface water quality parameters was performed to identify the essential hydrological processes governing water quality. The analyzed water quality data were also used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and weighted water quality index (WQI). Also, the spatial trend of water quality is compared with LULC changes from 2015 to 2020. Results revealed that the concentration of most of the physico-chemical parameters in the water samples was beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted permissible limit, except for a few parameters in some locations. Based on the calculated values of HPI and HEI, water quality samples were categorized as low to moderately polluted water bodies, whereas all water samples fell under the poor category (>100) and beyond based on the calculated WQI. Looking precisely at the water quality’s temporal trend, it is found that most of the sampling shows a deteriorating trend from 2016 to 2019. However, the year 2020 shows a slightly improving trend on water quality, which can be justified by lowering human activities during the lockdown period imposed by COVID-19. Land use has a significant relationship with surface water quality, and it was evident that built-up land had a more significant negative impact on water quality than the other land use classes. Both natural processes (rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (wastewater discharge, industrial activities etc.) were found to be playing a vital role in water quality evolution. This study suggests that continuous assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in Limpopo is important to control pollution and health safety in the future. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.